Current core standards for elastomers (selection; “EN ISO” = EU adoption of ISO texts).

Mechanical

• Tensile: ISO 37:2024 (tensile strength, elongation, stress-strain behaviour).

• Tear strength: ISO 34-1:2022 (trouser/angle/crescent test pieces).

• Rebound resilience: ISO 4662:2017 (pendulum/tripsometer).

• Hardness: ISO 48-2:2018 (IRHD hardness), Shore hardness: defined in ISO 48-4 (replaces ISO 7619-1).

• Density: ISO 2781:2018 (2 methods; quality control/mass calculation).

• Compression set: ISO 815-1:2019 (ambient/elevated temperatures, methods A–C).

Fire behaviour (construction/rail/automotive)

• EN 13501-1 (construction products: Euroclasses A1–F, smoke s1–s3, droplets d0–d2).

• DIN 4102 (national legacy system: B1/B2/B3; now largely replaced by EN 13501-1).

• EN 45545-2 (railway: material requirements by HL1–HL3 and R categories, e.g. R22/R23 for seals and hoses).

• UL 94, FMVSS 302 (plastics/automotive; additional, informative).